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Influence Of Refugees’ Socio-Economic Security On The Livelihoods Of Host Community In Kakuma, Turkana West Sub-County, Turkana County, Kenya
(Journal of African Interdisciplinary Studies (JAIS), 2025-05-30) Odhiambo, Elijah Onyango Standslause; et.al
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of refugees’ socio-economic security, specifically access to healthcare services and housing conditions, on the livelihoods of the host community in Kakuma, Turkana West Sub-County, Kenya. The contention of the article is that amid increasing refugee inflows, host communities face mounting pressure on limited public services and natural resources, yet the localized impacts remain underexplored. Anchored in the Refugee Aid and Development Theory and Social Exchange Theory, the research sought to evaluate how refugee access to healthcare and housing infrastructure affects service delivery, environmental sustainability, and socio-economic well-being among host residents. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional research design and employed a mixed-methods approach. A representative sample of 418 households from the host community was selected through stratified random sampling. Data collection combined structured questionnaires and key informant interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS for descriptive statistics, while qualitative insights were examined through thematic analysis. Ethical standards were strictly observed throughout the process. Findings reveal that shared healthcare facilities are congested, with 84% of respondents reporting overcrowding, 80% citing overstretched staff, and 73% highlighting frequent drug shortages. Refugee housing expansion was also found to affect land use and environmental stability, with 73% of respondents noting reduced access to traditional grazing land, and 76% linking refugee shelters to deforestation. The study concludes that although refugee integration brings infrastructure improvements, it simultaneously intensifies competition for scarce resources and creates tensions when host needs are inadequately addressed. It recommends inclusive planning, equitable resource allocation, improved healthcare staffing, and sustainable land use policies to enhance coexistence. The findings aim to inform policy and humanitarian strategies for fostering balanced, community-integrated refugee interventions.
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Women’s Political Participation Opportunities in the Nakuru and Narok Counties of Kenya
(African Journal of Empirical Research, 2024-02-28) Odhiambo,; et.al
This paper focused on the political opportunity to empower women in Nakuru and Narok counties of Kenya by conducting comparative evaluative research. Feminist Theory informed this study, which focuses on gender disparities and how political, economic, and social factors dictate women's roles and engagements. This research aimed to assess the KB clown sketches and their impact on women's political chances. A purposive sampling procedure was adopted in which 335 participants with critical informants, ordinary citizens, and young women interested in leadership positions were sampled. Quantitative and qualitative research was used, and questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions were used to collect data among women to understand the current political situation. Data analysis was done in two ways, which include descriptive and thematic analysis. The quantitative data from the administered questionnaires were analyzed descriptively to produce frequencies and percentages for the findings on women’s political participation opportunities. The information collected from interviews and focus group discussions was analyzed through thematic analysis to develop trends and findings on socio-cultural perspective, policy understanding, and institutional support for women in politics. Research outcomes revealed that despite the improvement in electoral democracy and female representation in the political process, barriers including but not limited to inadequate resource mobilization, conflict of cultures and practices, and unequal/ irregular championing of gender mainstreaming policies and frameworks still inhibit inclusion. These policies were deemed critical because they informed women as to how they could extend effective democracy in political systems while also ensuring that people in a community understood the gains that could be derived from having women's leadership. Research concluded that this can be achieved through efforts to strengthen mentorship programs, increase public appreciation for the importance of women's participation in leadership and governance, and improve the application of supportive policies and laws. Some recommendations focus on political capacity-building and gender sensitization training to empower women for political positions and call on the political parties to encourage gender parity on their list of candidates. Using media and technology in leadership and management to promote role-modeling to women leaders is also essential in establishing relationships and collaboration with other regional and global organizations on lobbying for women's political rights. Research into these matters should be conducted with backup data for a substantive approach to the progress of Nakuru, Narok, and other counties. Individually, these measures present a trajectory toward improving the environment of women's political participation in Kenya.
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The Nature of Gender Mainstreaming Policies in Nakuru and Narok Counties, Kenya
(African Journal of Empirical Research, 2024-02-18) Odhiambo , Elijah Onyango Standslause; et.al
This study examines the implementation of gender mainstreaming policies at various levels of public administration in Nakuru and Narok Counties, Kenya. It explores the integration of global conceptions, national policymaking, local self-governance, and feminist ideology in achieving gender equality. The research addresses the debate on the capacity of local versus national governments to implement gender equality initiatives. Feminist Theory guided this research. Using a comparative evaluative study design, the study investigates why these policies have not effectively increased women’s political participation. The target population comprised of elected leaders, civil society and the general public of Nakuru and Narok Counties. Stratified random sampling was employed to derive a sample of 335 respondents comprising of 92 elected leaders, 22 civil society members and 221 members of the general public. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions, involving key informants and community members. Quantitative data was analyzed through descriptive statistics while qualitative data from interviews and focus group discussions was analyzed through content analysis. Findings revealed that there was no good familiarity with gender mainstreaming by 135(40.3%). Most of those unfamiliar with gender mainstreaming were from Narok, 68 (50.7%) followed by Nakuru 67(33.3%). Similarly, research showed that a significant portion of respondents in both counties agreed to their awareness of equality and equity, with 32.8% (66) in Nakuru and 28.4% (38) in Narok. This suggests that many people in both Counties recognize the importance of these concepts. The study concludes that the government has significantly shaped these policies, which have advanced gender equality in various ways. However, challenges remain, requiring a comprehensive approach that includes legal reforms, cultural shifts, and targeted support programs. The research recommended that promoting gender-friendly political cultures, challenging patriarchal norms, and providing support and training are essential for empowering women to take on leadership roles and contribute to the political process. This holistic approach is crucial for achieving gender parity in politics and ensuring women’s voices are heard in decision-making.