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- Documents that relate to, published about or published by Bomet University College
- Research outputs of Bomet University College staff and students
Recent Submissions
Women’s Political Participation Opportunities in the Nakuru and Narok Counties of Kenya
(African Journal of Empirical Research, 2024-02-28) Odhiambo,; et.al
This paper focused on the political opportunity to empower women in Nakuru and Narok counties of Kenya by conducting
comparative evaluative research. Feminist Theory informed this study, which focuses on gender disparities and how political,
economic, and social factors dictate women's roles and engagements. This research aimed to assess the KB clown sketches and
their impact on women's political chances. A purposive sampling procedure was adopted in which 335 participants with critical
informants, ordinary citizens, and young women interested in leadership positions were sampled. Quantitative and qualitative
research was used, and questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions were used to collect data among women to
understand the current political situation. Data analysis was done in two ways, which include descriptive and thematic analysis.
The quantitative data from the administered questionnaires were analyzed descriptively to produce frequencies and percentages
for the findings on women’s political participation opportunities. The information collected from interviews and focus group
discussions was analyzed through thematic analysis to develop trends and findings on socio-cultural perspective, policy
understanding, and institutional support for women in politics. Research outcomes revealed that despite the improvement in
electoral democracy and female representation in the political process, barriers including but not limited to inadequate resource
mobilization, conflict of cultures and practices, and unequal/ irregular championing of gender mainstreaming policies and
frameworks still inhibit inclusion. These policies were deemed critical because they informed women as to how they could extend
effective democracy in political systems while also ensuring that people in a community understood the gains that could be
derived from having women's leadership. Research concluded that this can be achieved through efforts to strengthen mentorship
programs, increase public appreciation for the importance of women's participation in leadership and governance, and improve
the application of supportive policies and laws. Some recommendations focus on political capacity-building and gender
sensitization training to empower women for political positions and call on the political parties to encourage gender parity on
their list of candidates. Using media and technology in leadership and management to promote role-modeling to women leaders is
also essential in establishing relationships and collaboration with other regional and global organizations on lobbying for
women's political rights. Research into these matters should be conducted with backup data for a substantive approach to the
progress of Nakuru, Narok, and other counties. Individually, these measures present a trajectory toward improving the
environment of women's political participation in Kenya.
The Nature of Gender Mainstreaming Policies in Nakuru and Narok Counties, Kenya
(African Journal of Empirical Research, 2024-02-18) Odhiambo , Elijah Onyango Standslause; et.al
This study examines the implementation of gender mainstreaming policies at various levels of public administration in Nakuru
and Narok Counties, Kenya. It explores the integration of global conceptions, national policymaking, local self-governance, and
feminist ideology in achieving gender equality. The research addresses the debate on the capacity of local versus national
governments to implement gender equality initiatives. Feminist Theory guided this research. Using a comparative evaluative study
design, the study investigates why these policies have not effectively increased women’s political participation. The target
population comprised of elected leaders, civil society and the general public of Nakuru and Narok Counties. Stratified random
sampling was employed to derive a sample of 335 respondents comprising of 92 elected leaders, 22 civil society members and 221
members of the general public. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions, involving key
informants and community members. Quantitative data was analyzed through descriptive statistics while qualitative data from
interviews and focus group discussions was analyzed through content analysis. Findings revealed that there was no good
familiarity with gender mainstreaming by 135(40.3%). Most of those unfamiliar with gender mainstreaming were from Narok, 68
(50.7%) followed by Nakuru 67(33.3%). Similarly, research showed that a significant portion of respondents in both counties
agreed to their awareness of equality and equity, with 32.8% (66) in Nakuru and 28.4% (38) in Narok. This suggests that many
people in both Counties recognize the importance of these concepts. The study concludes that the government has significantly
shaped these policies, which have advanced gender equality in various ways. However, challenges remain, requiring a
comprehensive approach that includes legal reforms, cultural shifts, and targeted support programs. The research recommended
that promoting gender-friendly political cultures, challenging patriarchal norms, and providing support and training are essential
for empowering women to take on leadership roles and contribute to the political process. This holistic approach is crucial for
achieving gender parity in politics and ensuring women’s voices are heard in decision-making.
Exploring the Interplay Between Multiagency Security Challenges and Economic Security in Lamu County, Kenya
(African Journal of Empirical Research, 2025-02) Odhiambo, Elijah Onyango Standslause
The article underscored challenges arising from multi agency security approach and economic security in Lamu County-Kenya.
The specific objective of the study was to assess the efficacy of multi-agency security strategies adopted in enhancing economic
security in Lamu County, Kenya. Various literatures were reviewed in a funnel shape from the global, continental, regional,
national and then to area of study. The study was guided by system theory. It adopted descriptive research design since it was a
mixed research approach. Purposive and snowballing sampling technique was utilized to reach respondents. Additionally, fishers
formula was embraced to derive the sample size of 384 respondents since the target population was more than 10, 000 people
from Lamu County, which has a total population of 143,920 persons according to Kenya 2019 census report. The data was
analyzed by use of triangulation method of analysis whereby, content analysis, thematic analysis and verbatim quotations were
used. The research article found out that lack of coordination and communication among security agencies significantly hampers
multi-agency efforts to enhance economic security in Lamu County. Additionally, it emerged that, fragmented initiatives and
resource limitations impede swift responses to evolving threats. Moreover, the research article concludes that; socio-political
intolerance disrupts collaboration, fosters divided loyalties, and politicizes security efforts, undermining community trust and the
impartiality of security measures. Therefore, the research article recommends that; in order to promote inclusivity and impartiality
in security policies, ensuring measures are seen as fair and non-partisan, continuous training programs are essential for updating
skills, particularly in technological and collaborative aspects of security
Effectiveness of Multitrack Diplomacy Actors in Critical Assessment of Kenya’s Presidential Election Outcomes, 2007-2017
(Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 2021-02-18) Odhiambo, Elijah Onyango Standslause; et.al
In Kenya’s last four presidential elections, election observers had been seriously looked upon by both the Kenyan
voters and the international community to provide alternative but credible information on the process and outcomes of
presidential elections in Kenya. This was expected to promote legitimacy of the outcomes. Given that there was a dearth of
specific scholarship to address the question, this study was conducted. This paper therefore examines the effectiveness of
multitrack diplomacy in monitoring Kenya’s presidential election outcomes. The study was epistemological. It was conducted
in 8 of the 17 constituencies of Nairobi City County which hosts the Kenya’s largest city and its capital with a natural
representation of the population of the entire country. Out of the over 4 million residents of Nairobi City County, total sample
size was 441 (384 questionnaire respondents, 32 focus group discussion participants and 25 key informant interview
respondents). The study reached 436 (384 questionnaire respondents, 32 focus group discussion participants and 20 key
informant interview respondents) out of 4 million people. Targeted were Kenya citizens who had voted at least once for a
presidential candidate in any of the presidential elections held between 2007 and 2017 for the survey; individuals working with
and for government institutions in Kenya’s electoral systems especially the election management body, ministry of foreign
affairs, members of parliament, the Chief Justice, pollsters, the media, non-governmental organizations, religious institutions
across all faiths as to Muslims, Christians and Hindu, major political parties, former election observers and diplomatic
missions. The study found that multitrack diplomacy (MTD) actors or election observer missions (EOMs) observed election
irregularities to above 50%. They detected electoral fraud in the 2007 presidential elections, identified election irregularities in
the 2013 and the 2017 presidential elections but could not deter nor prevent outcome fraud. The paper, based on the study,
concluded that multitrack diplomacy actors that monitored the presidential elections were fairly effective, they had reasonable
capacity, fairly above 50%. Overall, multitrack diplomacy is effective in monitoring of Kenya’s presidential election but
inefficacious in preventing and deterring election outcome fraud. Multitrack diplomacy actors-the election observation
missions (EOMs) to use enhanced technology to match the electoral systems technology, improve on their objectivity during
monitoring and be granted full accesses by governments and election management bodies (EMBs) for systematic,
comprehensive and accurate monitoring.
Challenges to Peaceful Nominations: Youth Participation in Politics in Homa Bay County, Kenya
(African Journal of Empirical Research, 2024-02-18) Odhiambo,Elijah Onyango Standslause; et.al
This research article underscored challenges to peaceful nominations by focusing on youth participation in politics of Homa Bay
County Kenya. The research reviewed various literatures that informed the findings of the study. The article was informed by two
theories; institutionalism theory and pluralism theory. Since it was a qualitative study, it adopted cross sectional research design.
Data was collected by use of interview guides, focus group discussions and secondary sources. It was analyzed by use of content
and thematic analysis. The analyzed data was presented by use of themes and verbatim quotations. The researcher found out that;
Political violence, fueled by socio-economic and ethnic tensions, disrupts peaceful nominations in Homa Bay, compromising
democratic integrity and limiting youth participation. It concluded that; Political violence undermines Homa Bay’s democratic
stability, fostering fear and exclusion. Institutional and pluralism theories support reforms for inclusive electoral processes.
Therefore, the researcher recommended that; Strengthen electoral institutions, ensure transparency, foster socio-economic
development, and promote dialogue to reduce political violence and support youth engagement.