Browsing by Author "Obura, Johnmark"

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ANALYSIS OF DIRECT TAXES AND GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT OF THE KENYAN ECONOMY
(European Journal of Economic and Financial Research, 2022-03-26) Obura, Johnmark
Gross Domestic Product acts as an indicator of the economic growth of a country. To enhance economic growth, the government must initiate development that would spur such growth. Gross Domestic Product represents the rise or fall in per capita income. To facilitate such development, the government should ensure consistent income through taxation. The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship between direct taxes and the Gross Domestic Product of the Kenyan economy. The independent variable was direct tax while the dependent variable was real Gross Domestic Product. The Benefit theory of taxation was used in the study. Time series data collected from Economic Survey for 21 years covering the period 1999-2020 was used in the study. The data was analyzed using inferential statistics. The results showed that direct tax accounted for 84% of real GDP during the period under study (R2=.85) ad that there was a strong positive correlation between direct tax and real GDP (R=.916). Moreover, it was revealed that a unit standard increase in direct tax would significantly lead to .916 increase in real GDP (ß=.916, p<0.05). In conclusion, the study failed to accept the null hypothesis and concluded that Direct Taxes have a significant relationship with the Real Gross Domestic Product of the Kenyan economy. The study recommended that government should ensure an effective and efficient way of collecting and utilizing direct taxes since they have a direct bearing on the growth of the economy.
A Critical Analysis of Adoption of Information Technology in Fostering Supply Chain Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Devolved Governments in Kenya
(European Journal of Business and Management, 2021-12-31) Mulongo, Sebastian; Aila, Fredrick Onyango; Obura, Johnmark
Kenya being a developing nation is faced with unemployment challenges, unstructured entrepreneurial activities, and poor performance of devolved governments. These challenges have led to dwindling economic performance and growth. With the adoption of devolved system of governance, there has been a progressive demand for innovative and transformative leadership for entrepreneurial development and performance. To address the challenges of inefficiencies and ensure effective delivery of public services, the national government has incorporated Information Communication Technology in almost all its operations. ICT is a pillar in accessing government’s services by the citizens. Integrated Financial Management Information Systems (IFMIS), an ICT system, was conceived in 1998, but was rolled out in 2003for implementation in national government and 2013 in devolved governments. IFMIS was implemented to enhance efficiency of financial management and encourage adoption of modern public expenditure management practices. Since its inception, IFMIS has seen tremendous improvement in government service delivery. Besides the benefits of IFMIS, there have been challenges like inadequate personnel capacity, inappropriate implementation strategies, unclear government policies and inadequate ICT infrastructure. The objective of the study was there to conduct a Critical Analysis on Adoption of Information Technology in Fostering Supply Chain Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Devolved Governments in Kenya. Study was anchored on economic entrepreneur agency, resource-based view theory and adopted multiple case study design. Units of analysis comprised 14 Lake Region Economic Block (LREB) county governments. The study targeted 196 staff including procurement officers, chief officers and procurement committee members. Primary data were used. Pilot results (n=2) revealed 20 item instrument reliability (α=0.9563). Study finding (n=181 (92.3%) results in two retained attitudes (positive and negative) comprising 7 items with a good fit (p<.005). Bivariate ordered probit regression analysis revealed that IMFIS adoption are significantly associated with procurement performance (p<0.05) and supplier adoption of IFMIS are significant ( =2.12; p=0.001). This means that they significantly affect procurement performance. Study concluded that adoption of information technology has a positive and significant effect on supply chain innovation and entrepreneurship. Supply chain management aspect was found to be statistically significant at only good (p=0.036) and very good levels (p=0.033). The result also reveals for a unit increase in supply chain management aspects, would lead to (( =-0.42; p=0.032)) decrease in performance. Study recommends for supply chain innovation and entrepreneurship development the county governments of Kenya should fast track the information technology hubs development. Study may be important to national and counties in informing policy direction about information technology adoption and development towards improving procurement performance and service delivery.
Moderating effect of organization culture on the relationship between quality management system adoption and performance of public universities in Kenya
(African Journal of Business Management, 2021-02-27) Ojera, Patrick B.; Obura, Johnmark; et.al
The capacity of higher education institutions (HEIs) to serve as drivers to economic competitiveness has been negatively impacted due to the exponential growth and numerous constraints which interfere with their quality. In Kenya, HEIs, in their attempt to cater for the 28% increase in number of students, 6% government capitation cut and 14.3% of the 28 weeks, academic year time waste between 2014 and 2015, have encountered many challenges caused by overcrowding, crumbling infrastructure, inadequate human capital with 1:500 lecturers to student ratio and financial resources and declining quality of the professional courses on offer. They have raised concerns about the quality of public university education. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of organization culture on the relationship between Quality Management System (QMS) adoption and organization performance of public universities in Kenya. The study was guided by structural contingency theory and equity theory; using a census survey with a Bureau of Standards. The study results revealed organization culture (β=0.492 p=0.030) moderated the relationship significantly implying the interactive effect of organization culture improved organization Performance by 0.7% (Δ R2 .007p=0.030). The study concluded that organization culture increases the effect of QMS adoption on organizational performance. response at 94.41% on a population 215 top management personnel of 11 public universities certified by the Kenya
Moderating effect of organization culture on the relationship between quality management system adoption and performance of public universities in Kenya
(African Journal of Business Management, 2021-02-01) Indiya, Gulali Donald; Mise, Jairo; Obura, Johnmark; Ojera, Patrick
The capacity of higher education institutions (HEIs) to serve as drivers to economic competitiveness has been negatively impacted due to the exponential growth and numerous constraints which interfere with their quality. In Kenya, HEIs, in their attempt to cater for the 28% increase in number of students, 6% government capitation cut and 14.3% of the 28 weeks, academic year time waste between 2014 and 2015, have encountered many challenges caused by overcrowding, crumbling infrastructure, inadequate human capital with 1:500 lecturers to student ratio and financial resources and declining quality of the professional courses on offer. They have raised concerns about the quality of public university education. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of organization culture on the relationship between Quality Management System (QMS) adoption and organization performance of public universities in Kenya. The study was guided by structural contingency theory and equity theory; using a census survey with a Bureau of Standards. The study results revealed organization culture (β=0.492 p=0.030) moderated the relationship significantly implying the interactive effect of organization culture improved organization Performance by 0.7% (Δ R2 .007p=0.030). The study concluded that organization culture increases the effect of QMS adoption on organizational performance. response at 94.41% on a population 215 top management personnel of 11 public universities certified by the Kenya
Supplier Selection Practices and Procurement Performance
(European Journal of Business and Management, 2021-02-01) Mulongo, Sebastian; Aila, Fredrick; Obura, Johnmark
As market globalization quickens, things to consider when selecting suppliers and the potential suppliers increases. There is a serious concern from the practitioners, government agencies and other stakeholders to what should be done to curb supplier related procurement issues. Evaluation of suppliers is one of the ways an organizations can reduce supplier related inefficiencies. Supplier selection yields positive influence to procurement performance when conducted well. However, what puzzles is the relation hasn’t been the case as different scholars give mixed findings. The objective of the study was to establish the influence of supplier selection on procurement performance in county governments. The study was anchored on stakeholder theory and adopted the multiple case studies design. Units of analysis were 14 LREB county governments, target population 196 staff: chief officers, procurement officers and procurement committee members. Primary data were collected. Pilot results (n=20) reveal 20 item instrument reliability (α=0.9563). The study finding (n=181 92.3%) results in two retained attitudes (positive and negative) comprising 7 items with a good fit (p<.005). Bivariate ordered probit regression analysis reveals supplier selection adoption are significantly associated with procurement performance and multivariate ordered probit regression analysis show supplier certification =1.07(p=.001) are significant meaning they significantly affect procurement performance. Supplier evaluation =0.3(p=0.179) and supplier comparison =0.04 (p=0.875) are insignificant meaning they insignificantly predict procurement performance. Study concludes supplier selection practices positively and significantly influence the performance of LREB county governments. The study recommends: supply chain officers be trained on aspects of supplier evaluation, government give attention to supplier selection practices to improve procurement performance. Study may be significant to national and county levels in informing policy direction about SCM practices.