School of Business and Entrepreurship

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ANALYSIS OF DIRECT TAXES AND GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT OF THE KENYAN ECONOMY
(European Journal of Economic and Financial Research, 2022-03-26) Obura, JohnMark,
Gross Domestic Product acts as an indicator of the economic growth of a country. To enhance economic growth, the government must initiate development that would spur such growth. Gross Domestic Product represents the rise or fall in per capita income. To facilitate such development, the government should ensure consistent income through taxation. The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship between direct taxes and the Gross Domestic Product of the Kenyan economy. The independent variable was direct tax while the dependent variable was real Gross Domestic Product. The Benefit theory of taxation was used in the study. Time series data collected from Economic Survey for 21 years covering the period 1999-2020 was used in the study. The data was analyzed using inferential statistics. The results showed that direct tax accounted for 84% of real GDP during the period under study (R2=.85) ad that there was a strong positive correlation between direct tax and real GDP (R=.916). Moreover, it was revealed that a unit standard increase in direct tax would significantly lead to .916 increase in real GDP (ß=.916, p<0.05). In conclusion, the study failed to accept the null hypothesis and concluded that Direct Taxes have a significant relationship with the Real Gross Domestic Product of the Kenyan economy. The study recommended that government should ensure an effective and efficient way of collecting and utilizing direct taxes since they have a direct bearing on the growth of the economy.
ANALYSIS OF DIRECT TAXES AND GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT OF THE KENYAN ECONOMY
(European Journal of Economic and Financial Research, 2022-03-26) Obura, Johnmark
Gross Domestic Product acts as an indicator of the economic growth of a country. To enhance economic growth, the government must initiate development that would spur such growth. Gross Domestic Product represents the rise or fall in per capita income. To facilitate such development, the government should ensure consistent income through taxation. The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship between direct taxes and the Gross Domestic Product of the Kenyan economy. The independent variable was direct tax while the dependent variable was real Gross Domestic Product. The Benefit theory of taxation was used in the study. Time series data collected from Economic Survey for 21 years covering the period 1999-2020 was used in the study. The data was analyzed using inferential statistics. The results showed that direct tax accounted for 84% of real GDP during the period under study (R2=.85) ad that there was a strong positive correlation between direct tax and real GDP (R=.916). Moreover, it was revealed that a unit standard increase in direct tax would significantly lead to .916 increase in real GDP (ß=.916, p<0.05). In conclusion, the study failed to accept the null hypothesis and concluded that Direct Taxes have a significant relationship with the Real Gross Domestic Product of the Kenyan economy. The study recommended that government should ensure an effective and efficient way of collecting and utilizing direct taxes since they have a direct bearing on the growth of the economy.
Application of the Marketing Concept and Performance of Supermarkets in Kisumu City, Kenya
(Greener Journal of Business and Management Studies, 2013-09-30) Ojera, Patrick B.; et.al
This paper sought to examine the relationship between the application marketing concept and performance of retail supermarkets in Kisumu City, Kenya. The study adopted descriptive survey design to explore the above relationship. Stratified simple random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 162 employees out of a population of 410 employees. A self administered structure and semi structure Questionnaires were used to obtain primary data from the field. The Regression results showed that 39.8% or (R2 =0.398, p<0.05) of variation in retail supermarkets’ financial performance was explained by the application of the Marketing Concept and 52.5% (R2 =0.525, p<0.05) of non-financial performance.The study provided an exposition of the Marketing Concept application by supermarkets by concluding that it exerted a significant influence on both non-financial performance and financial performance measures. To the academia, the output will contribute to enriching the knowledge base particularly in the field of Marketing Concepts and its performance consequences in the context of emerging and developing economies.
Contribution of Foreign Direct Investment on the Growth of Agro-Processing Sector :
(European Journal of Business and Management, 2015-12-31) Ojera, Patrick B.; et.al
World Investment Report’s like United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) detail trends in global foreign direct investments in which Kenya is ranked below its neighbours and other emerging markets. This study evaluated the contribution of Foreign Direct Investment on the growth of Agro-Processing Sector. The objectives of the study were to determine the extent of use of FDI and its contribution on the growth of Agro processing sector. This study adopted a survey design. The study target population was 350 respondents. Sample size was 78 respondents selected using simple random sampling. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data which was analyzed using descriptive statistics, regression analysis and a 5 point Likert scale. Study results showed that Foreign Direct Investment in the Agro processing Sector influenced technology spill over, creation of employment opportunities and resource improvement; FDI accelerated to a greater extent growth in the sector; and a positive relationship existed between FDI and growth of the agro processing sector; correlation oefficients determined confirmed a positive association between FDI and growth of the sector where production volumes and profit are output variables that measure growth in the agro-processing sector.
A Critical Analysis of Adoption of Information Technology in Fostering Supply Chain Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Devolved Governments in Kenya
(European Journal of Business and Management, 2021-12-31) Mulongo, Sebastian; Aila, Fredrick Onyango; Obura, Johnmark
Kenya being a developing nation is faced with unemployment challenges, unstructured entrepreneurial activities, and poor performance of devolved governments. These challenges have led to dwindling economic performance and growth. With the adoption of devolved system of governance, there has been a progressive demand for innovative and transformative leadership for entrepreneurial development and performance. To address the challenges of inefficiencies and ensure effective delivery of public services, the national government has incorporated Information Communication Technology in almost all its operations. ICT is a pillar in accessing government’s services by the citizens. Integrated Financial Management Information Systems (IFMIS), an ICT system, was conceived in 1998, but was rolled out in 2003for implementation in national government and 2013 in devolved governments. IFMIS was implemented to enhance efficiency of financial management and encourage adoption of modern public expenditure management practices. Since its inception, IFMIS has seen tremendous improvement in government service delivery. Besides the benefits of IFMIS, there have been challenges like inadequate personnel capacity, inappropriate implementation strategies, unclear government policies and inadequate ICT infrastructure. The objective of the study was there to conduct a Critical Analysis on Adoption of Information Technology in Fostering Supply Chain Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Devolved Governments in Kenya. Study was anchored on economic entrepreneur agency, resource-based view theory and adopted multiple case study design. Units of analysis comprised 14 Lake Region Economic Block (LREB) county governments. The study targeted 196 staff including procurement officers, chief officers and procurement committee members. Primary data were used. Pilot results (n=2) revealed 20 item instrument reliability (α=0.9563). Study finding (n=181 (92.3%) results in two retained attitudes (positive and negative) comprising 7 items with a good fit (p<.005). Bivariate ordered probit regression analysis revealed that IMFIS adoption are significantly associated with procurement performance (p<0.05) and supplier adoption of IFMIS are significant ( =2.12; p=0.001). This means that they significantly affect procurement performance. Study concluded that adoption of information technology has a positive and significant effect on supply chain innovation and entrepreneurship. Supply chain management aspect was found to be statistically significant at only good (p=0.036) and very good levels (p=0.033). The result also reveals for a unit increase in supply chain management aspects, would lead to (( =-0.42; p=0.032)) decrease in performance. Study recommends for supply chain innovation and entrepreneurship development the county governments of Kenya should fast track the information technology hubs development. Study may be important to national and counties in informing policy direction about information technology adoption and development towards improving procurement performance and service delivery.
Current State of Sustainability Reporting:
(EJBMR, European Journal of Business and Management Research, 2020-04-30) Ojera, Patrick B.; Odoyo, Collins O.
Corporate sustainability reporting, also known as Triple-bottom-line reporting, involves reporting nonfinancial and financial information to a broader set of stakeholders than just shareholders and seek to fortify an organization’s ability to manage key risks. The current case is that, the quality, rigor, and utility of sustainability reporting remains contentious with concerns about the suitability of the criteria or standards used to prepare the reports. Despite the rapid increase in the number of companies around the world adopting Global Reporting Initiative standards, little is known about the extent of practice of corporate sustainability reporting in public universities in Kenya. The study selected five universities that had their 2017-18 audited financial reports available online for the readers, which served as the main source of secondary data. The guidelines on corporate sustainability reporting was derived from literature review, which provided key indicators upon which the data from each university was evaluated. It was observed that almost all the institutions recognize the critical role of both internal and external independent audit of financial statements. In conclusion, financial reporting sustainability is guided by strict compliance to the factors of sustainability.
Design Thinking and Innovation in the Informal Industries in Kenya
(Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting, 2023-05-30) Oringo, James Odhiambo
In the recent past there have been calls to have Kenyan products labeled ‘Made in Kenya’. By doing so, the proponents believe that products ‘Made in Kenya’ will flock the local stores and even find their way to the foreign markets, thereby making Kenya proud of itself as well as earning the much needed foreign exchange. While ‘Made in Kenya’ labeled products would be a great step forward to Kenya’s economic wellbeing, showcase talents and skills of the youth and a boost to its image in the global market, the low technology predominantly used in Kenya and lack of design thinking, still remain the greatest impediment to innovation. Using low technology in manufacturing usually results in high production costs and lack of capacity to launch mass production in response to acute increase in market demands. For example, the informal manufacturing sector in Kenya commonly referred to as Jua Kali, is a collection of semi-organized, unregulated, smaller ventures that employ a large number of people and rely on low-level technologies. A significant amount of industrial output is devoted to meeting basic requirements, such as the provision of low-cost consumer goods and services. Wood and furniture, metal products, glass and pottery, clothes, and leather are all produced in this industry. The lack of design thinking and low-level technology used in the production process obviously results in more man-hour on each unit produced, yet this is rarely considered on the final price of the product. The prices to a large scale, are usually concerned with the cost of materials without considering other hidden costs. The drive is to make the products affordable to low-income consumers, in order to satisfy the traders’ basic needs. In a wider perspective, this study focused on the application of design thinking and its impact on innovations in the informal industries in Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to establish; the application of design thinking as a system of feasibility to increase innovation in the informal industries in Kenya, the application of design thinking as a system of desirability to increase innovation in the informal industries in Kenya and its impact on the innovation in the informal industries in Kenya, as well as the application of design thinking as a system of viability to increase innovation in the informal industries in Kenya. This study reviewed secondary sources and investigations others have previously conducted in relation to the title of the study. Conventional content analysis was used to analyze data. The process of analysis began with the development of the research questions, then the identification of the dataset, and thorough evaluation of the dataset. Our findings deepen the current understanding about policy innovation and technological intervention in the informal industries in Kenya. The findings could also benefit the Government of Kenya, Kenya Association of Manufacturers and Juakali Associations, in terms of policy formulation and enhancement of sector performance.
DO SELF-AWARENESS AND SELF-REGULATION AFFECT KNOWLEDGE SHARING BEHAVIOR? EVIDENCE FROM KENYAN UNIVERSITIES: INTELLIGENCE UNMASKED
(Journal of Business Management and Economic Research, 2019-12-30) Biwott, Geoffrey; et.al.
Universities have been identified as an accelerated centers of Knowledge sharing and changing behaviors of scholars as a critical asset for universities and this study paper deepens the understanding that Self-Awareness and Self-Regulation affect Knowledge Sharing Behavior among academic staff at universities in Kenya as an intelligence drive for modern universities in Kenya in harnessing knowledge to explore intelligence-sharing behaviors. Both concepts are individual responses as they understand and know one another even in Universities to strive for improved knowledge sharing between individuals. The study aimed at examining whether Self-Awareness and Self-Regulation affects Knowledge Sharing Behaviors among academic staff at universities in Kenya. Explanatory study was used to target a population of 6,423 and a sample size of 376 academic staff academic staff at Kenyan universities in Nairobi County was selected using simple random sampling. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The findings of the research revealed that self-awareness (β = 0.37, p<0.05), and self-regulation (β = 0.11, p<0.05), had a positive and significant effect on knowledge sharing behavior. Also R was 81% and R2 was 66%. Concluding that emotional self-awareness and self regulation are crucial to transforming universities in Kenya in achieving knowledge sharing behavior. Self-awareness and self-regulation in universities in Kenya have relatively been downplayed by government, respective institutions and scholars especially in harnessing knowledge yet the study contributes immensely that for leadership of universities in Kenya to drive, staff who must be self aware and self-regulated in their emotions for free exchange of ideas and knowledge sharing
Effect of Budgetary Control on Financial Performance:
(IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF), 2021-10-30) Ojera, Patrick B.; et.al
Manufacturing sector plays a vital role in providing livelihoods and national revenues, incomes, employment and foreign exchange savings to Kenya. The core problem affecting Kenya sugar industry is the persistent deterioration in profitability and liquidity. At the moment, five public-owned mills are indebted to the tune of over One hundred billion shillings. Budgetary control is one of the major technic used in planning and control function of any organization. Previous research has been done on the effect of budgetary control on financial performance of other institutions. However, no research has been done on its effect on financial performance of sugar manufacturing companies. The general objective was to investigate the effect of budgetary control on financial performance through a comparative study of sugar manufacturing company in western Kenya. The specific objectives were: to examine the effect of budgetary planning, budgetary implementation, budgetary variance analysis and budgetary evaluation on financial performance of sugar manufacturing companies. A descriptive survey research design was applied. Purposive sampling was used to select individual respondents to participate in the study; respondent was staff dealing with finance and budgeting cost centers. A sample of respondents was collected from Butali and Nzoia Sugar Company (this represents public and private sector in western region). Primary data was used while the instrument of data collection was questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics analyses were used. The survey under descriptive analysis revealed that, budgetary planning had a direct positive impact on financial performance, budgetary implementation had a direct positive impact on financial performance, budgetary variance analysis had a direct positive impact on financial performance and budgetary evaluation had a direct positive impact on financial performance. In conclusion, budgetary control is key to financial performance process of the firms analyzed in the survey and therefore the survey recommends that all the budgetary control processes should apply as a tool for financial control. The study recommends that there is a gap to focus on other factors that could influence financial performance after having looked at budgetary control that is well functional but the industry is still persistent deterioration in profitability and liquidity accompanied with a lot of debts.
Effect of Business Risk on Performance of Deposit Taking Saccos in North Rift Counties, Kenya
(International Journal of Finance, Accounting and Economics (IJFAE), 2020-10-30) Ojera, Patrick B.; et.al
Saccos perform an important role in the financial sector in Kenya by providing savings and credit services to a large portion of the population. Dividend decision is the policy that the management formulates in regard to earnings for distribution as dividends among shareholders. The determinants of dividend decisions include, Sacco returns, Sacco size, business risks, growth opportunities among others. Saccos and more so deposit taking Saccos need to issue dividends to their members. Deposit taking Saccos in Kenya and the North Rift in particular has to adjust their way of doing business in order to maximize the shareholder value and increase the market share. The main purpose of this study is to establish the determinants of dividends policy decisions on performance of deposit taking Saccos’ in North Rift Counties, Kenya. Specifically, the study determined the effect of business risk on performance of deposit taking Saccos’ Rift Counties in Kenya. The study was guided by Agency theoy. The target population was all nine Saccos that had been registered by SASRA in the North Rift Region by the end of July 2018. The respondents included all the management and board members of the deposit taking Saccos in the North Rift Region. Primary data and secondary data was used and the data was collected using open ended questionnaires. Data was be analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The SPSS Version 24 was used to aid in the data analysis. The study established that Sacco returns had a positive and significant effect on performance of deposit taking Saccos (β= 0.170; p< 0.05). The findings of the study were of great significance to managers and policy makers to make policies which enhances the performance of the Saccos. The finding also does provide input for future academic works to be conducted on the Sacco performance.
The Effect of Competitive Advantage on the Relationship between Strategic Change and Performance of Firms in the Alcohol Industry in Kenya
(iJARS GROUP, 2016-06-15) Ojera, Patrick B.; et.al
This paper examined the effect of competitive advantage on the relationship between strategic change and firm characteristics on performance of firms in the alcohol industry in Kenya. Previous studies dwelt on effect of limited aspects of strategic change such as marketing leaving out critical aspects like scope of strategies, resource deployment patterns and competitive advantages. The study was underpinned by the Resource-Based Theory (RBT). The study adopted a mixed method survey research design using qualitative and quantitative methods. The population was 25 local firms registered by Kenya Revenue Authority by 2012 and approved by National Authority for the Campaign Against Alcohol and Drug Abuse, (NACADA) by 2015. A saturated sample consisted of 100 respondents to get primary data. Correlation and regression analysis were used to determine the relationship between competitive advantage and organizational performance. Pearson correlation was used to describe how the variables were related and the strengths of the relationship between competitive advantage and organizational performance. Findings revealed that there was a fairly strong significant positive correlation between competitive advantage and organizational performance.
Effect of Financing Decisions on Performance of Housing Cooperative Societies in North Rift Counties, Kenya
(Africa International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (AIJMR), 2020-10-30) Ojera, Patrick B.; Oseno, Ben; Ronoh, Hellen Jerubet
Housing is one of the largest concerns facing most countries of the world, where the increase in the numbers of the population are not corresponding with the available housing facilities. The huge demand of housing has resulted in making the housing sector to be one of the lucrative sectors to venture into in Kenya but unfortunately, lack of adequate information on financial management practices, greed and insufficient resources having replaced reason, has led to contractors constructing buildings that are extremely unfit for human occupation, stalled structures and low returns on housing sector investors. This has prompted the Kenyan government to recognize housing as one of the big four agenda of the current Jubilee government. Specifically, the study determined the effect of financing decisions on performance of housing cooperatives in North Rift Counties in Kenya. The study was guided by. The study used descriptive survey design. The study targeted 90 respondents from 12 housing cooperatives registered by NACHU in the North Rift Region. The respondents included all the management committee members, credit committee members and finance officers of all housing cooperatives in the North Rift Region. The study adopted a mix of quantitative and qualitative techniques in data collection and analysis. Primary data was used and the data collected using open self-structured questionnaires. Content validity was used to determine the validity while Cronabach’s alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of research instrument. Data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. For descriptive statistics frequency tables, percentages and means were used and for inferential statistics correlation and regression analysis were used. The SPSS Version 24 helped in the data analysis. The study findings indicated that there was a positive and significant effect of financing practices on performance of Housing Co-operative Societies (β=0.456; p<0.05. These findings will be of great significance to managers and policy makers to open an insight on the policies which will enhance the performance of the housing cooperatives. It will also provide input for further research works to be conducted on the housing cooperative societies in the future.
Effect of Herding Factor on Investment Decisions among Small and Micro Enterprises in Nairobi County, Kenya
(Stratford Peer Reviewed Journals and Book Publishing Journal of Entrepreneurship & Project management, 2020-11-30) Barno, Leah Jemutai
This study sought to determine the effect of herd factors on investment decisions among small and micro enterprises in Nairobi County. The study was premised on the behavioural portfolio. Positivism paradigm was deployed. The study adopts explanatory research design. The target population were 102,821 firm owners. A sample of 383 respondents was selected using stratified random sampling technique. The collected data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Linear regression models were used to establish the relationship between herd factors and investment decisions. The findings revealed that herding factors was found to have positive influence on investment decision (P = 0.450 < 0.05). The study recommends that firms should improve on herd factors which improved investment. This would enhance better decision investment decision improving financial performance of the SMEs.
Effect of Organizational Justice on Employee Engagement in the Hospitality Industry
(European Journal of Business and Management Research www.ejbmr.org, 2022-07-04) Ojera, Patrick B.
This study was designed to asses’ organizational justice and employee engagement in the hospitality industry in North Rift region, Kenya. With a sample size of 234 respondents, an explanatory research design was used with a target population of 580 employees from star-rated hotels in the North Rift region. Questionnaires and interviews were used to gather information. SPSS version 25.0 was used to analyze the data using descriptive and inferential statistics. From the findings employee engagement and organizational justice have a strong significant relationship. Employee engagement was explained by organizational justice at 71.8%. The study's findings support the necessity to improve organizational justice in order to increase employee engagement. The findings of this study can assist the government (both national and county levels), as well as important stakeholders in the hotel industry, in identifying the need for developing organizational justice policies and practices to realize employee engagement
Effective Management of Strategic Issues in the Insurance Industry, Kenya
(European Journal of Business and Management, 2015-01-30) Ojera, Patrick B.; Swalehe, Mkamunduli A.; et.al
The purpose of this study is to examine how companies could prepare themselves to deal effectively with strategic issues affecting them with particular reference to the insurance industry in Kenya. This follows the turbulent environment in which the insurance industry in general and the Kenyan insurance industry in particular are currently operating in: international competition, the rapid technological changes, regional integration and globalization, change in customer needs and preference among others. These pressures have created the need to explore the current strategic issue management practices in the insurance companies in Kenya. In order to meet this objective, a census of all 38 insurance firms in Kenya was conducted by use of questionnaires. The findings led to the conclusions that, although most insurance companies in Kenya study strategic issues affecting their operations, none demonstrated the use of superior methods such as the European matrix method.
Effects of Financial Literacy on Sustainable Entrepreneurship among the Youths in Bomet County, Kenya
(2024-01-30) Bii, Philip Kiprotich; Chelangat, NellyMutai; Kipkorir,Richard Rotich
There is growing unemployment in Kenya and the youths are bearing the blunt of this worrying trend, despite the numerous interventions by both state and non-state actors in encouraging the youths to venture into entrepreneurship. This study sought to establish the role of Financial Literacy on the development of sustainable business ideas and innovations. The study was conceptualized with the intention of investigating the role that financial literacy plays in influencing sustainable entrepreneurship among the youthful entrepreneurs. The population of interests was the business enterprises run by youthful entrepreneurs across various sectors of business in Bomet Municipality located in Bomet County; Kenya. The study used primary data with a sample size of 473 respondents which achieved 100% response rate, with male response of 53% and 47% female. The measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion and Regression model were used to find out the relationship and correlation of the variables. The study established that there was a significant relationship between gender and sustainable entrepreneurship, further found, that financial literacyhad weak a positive significant relationship with business sustainability. The study recommends that emphasis should be placed on financial literacy as a significant determinant of sustainable businesses among the youth entrepreneurs and that training as tool to provide more knowledge on entrepreneurial skills to be factored in the trade policy
EFFECTS OF REWARD MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN TELECOMMUNICATION FIRMS IN KENYA
(International journals of Economics , Commerce and Management., 2020-02) Rotich, Richard
The most perpetual challenge in most organizations today is lack of a well-structured reward management and employee retention program. This has heightened the need for reward management programs in order to achieve employee retention in Telecommunication firms. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of reward management practices on employee retention in Telecommunication firms in Kenya. This study was informed by Expectancy Theory. Explanatory research design guided the study. The target population of this study was 519 employee of Telecommunication firms. The sample size was 226 respondents. The data was collected using self administered questionnaires. The data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS 22. From the model, (R2 = .663) shows that reward management practices account for 66.3% variation in employee retention in telecommunication firms. There was a positive significant relationship between reward management practices and employee retention in telecommunication firms (β1=0.751 and p<0.05). Therefore, a unit increase in reward management practices led to an increase in employee retention in telecommunication firms. The study concludes that there is strong link between employee reward management practices and retention in telecommunication firms. The results of this study enabled a better understanding of the relationship between employee retention and reward management practices in telecommunication firms. Reward management have a high effect on employee performance such that the more efficiently an organization manages it rewards, the better the employees will perform. The study recommends that mobile phone services should now focus more on nonmonetary rewards such as shorter working week; more work life balance and so on so that employees may not suffer fatigue and boredom due to routine.
Indigenous Management Practices in Africa
(Emerald insight, 2018-07-27) Ojera, Patrick
The purpose of this chapter is to identify African financial management practices, highlight their origin and explain how they differ from their Western counterparts. The study identified indigenous African financial practices using literature review, archival sources and library research covering the five areas of Africa comprising Northern Africa, Eastern Africa, Central Africa Western Africa and Southern Africa. The study found out that pre-colonial indigenous African financial manage ment features prevalent use of trade finance, trade credit management, investment management and accounting. While there is also evidence of modification of Western financial management practices to suit African contexts, it is on the whole scarce. This is suggestive of the fact that they were in existence in the first instance. The clear conclusion is that many indigenous African financial management prac tices pre-dated and foreshadowed their Western counterparts. Yet, it is confounding that this has been largely lost sight of, and both scholars and financial management practitioners depict the former as inferior. There is clearly a need to remedy this situation. Educators need to focus on incorporating ethno-finance concepts into the entire curricula chain from basic to higher education. The anchor point for such curricula is Ubuntu philosophy. Financial management practitioners, on their part, need to shed notions that the indigenous practices are inferior and seek to journalise their day-to-day work experiences to build a body of documented practice.
Influence of Adherence to Quality Management System Standards on Access to Water and Sanitation Services in Kenya
(IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 2018-02-18) Ojera, Patrick B.; et.al
In Kenya, Over 3,100 Children Die Annually For Using Unsafe Water And Poor Sanitation. In The 2015/2016 Financial Year, Access To Water In Kenya Stood At 54% For Urban And 51% For Rural Areas. This Low Access To Water And Sanitation Services Could Be As A Result Of The Management Practices In The Water Services Providers. Previous Studies Have Revealed The Unsuccessful Attempts To Improve Access Of Water And Sanitation Services Through Privatization And Structural Reforms In The Water Sector.These Studies Did Not Assess How Management Practices Such As The Quality Management System Can Enhance Access To Water And Sanitation Services. The Objective Of The Study Was To Determine The Influence Of The Level Of Adherence To Quality Management System Standards On Access To Water And Sanitation Services. The Study Adopted A Combination Of Descriptive And Explanatory Research Designs. The Target Population Consisted Of The 86 Water Service Providers In Kenya. The Sample Comprised 70 Water Service Providers Who Were Selected Using The Stratified Random Sampling. The Respondents Of The Study Included The 70 General Managers Of The Selected Water Service Providers. Primary Data Was Collected By The Use Of Questionnaires. Secondary Data Was Obtained From The 2016 /2017 WASREB Report. The Instruments Were Tested For Validity And Reliability Through The Content Validity Index (CVI=0.833) And The Cronbach Alpha’ s Internal Consistency Index (A=0.773) For Reliability. The Study Found That Thelevel Of Adherence To Quality Management System Standards Significantly Influenced The Access To Water And A Sanitation Service In Kenya (T=15.7, P<0.05).The Study Recommended That The Management Of The Water Service Providers Should Strengthen The Level Of Adherence To Quality Management System Standards To Enhance Access To Water And Sanitation Services To The Members Of The Public.
Influence of Strategic Management Practices on Access to Water and Sanitation Services in Kenya
(iJARS International Journal of Humanities & Social Studies, 2018-04-18) Ojera, Patrick B. Ojera; et.al
Globally, more than 3.4 million people die each year from water, sanitation and hygiene-related causes, 99 percent of these deaths occur in the developing world. In the 2015/2016 financial year, access to water in Kenya stood at 54% for urban and 51% for rural areas. This low access to water and sanitation services could be as a result of the management practices in the water services providers. Previous studies have revealed the unsuccessful attempts to improve access of water and sanitation services through privatization and structural reforms in the water sector.These studies did not assess how management practices such as the strategic management practices can enhance access to water and sanitation services. The objective of the study was to determine the influence of the strategic management practices on access to water and sanitation services. The study adopted a combination of descriptive and explanatory research designs. The target population consisted of the 86 water service providers in Kenya. The sample comprised of 70 water service providers who were selected using the stratified random sampling. The respondents of the study included the 70 general managers of the selected water service providers. Primary data was collected by the use of questionnaires. The instruments were tested for validity and reliability through the content validity index (CVI=0.833) and the Cronbach Alpha’s internal consistency index (a=0.773) for reliability. the study found out that the influence of level of application of strategic management practices on access to water and sanitation services was statistically significant recording Adjusted R2 =0.59 (t=7.2, p<0.05).The study recommended that the water service providers should use well-structured planning mechanism, have well written mission and vision, base decisions and actions on formulated organization policies and use resource control teams to ensure the access to water and sanitation services to its customers is enhanced .

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